Which combination best describes the data transfer media used in data capture and processing?

• A. Paper CRFs only
• B. Remote monitoring only
• C. Electronic transfer only
• D. Paper case record forms, remote site monitoring systems, medical computer systems and electronic transfer

Answer: (D)

Data capture and processing rely on a mix of media to collect, move, and verify trial data. Paper CRFs are still used for initial data collection at sites, while electronic transfer and electronic data capture enable fast, secure transmission to central data processing systems. Remote site monitoring systems and medical computer systems can also generate or relay data to sponsors and monitors, supporting ongoing data integrity and timely review. This combination best reflects the real-world mix of media involved in capturing and processing clinical trial data, whereas other options describe just a single method.