Which is NOT a standard toxicology heading under nonclinical studies?

• A. Single dose
• B. Reproductive toxicity
• C. Carcinogenicity
• D. Pharmacokinetics

Answer: (D)

In nonclinical toxicology reports, headings are organized around the specific adverse-effect endpoints studied in animals. Single-dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity are all standard toxicology headings because they describe observed toxic effects or risks. Pharmacokinetics, on the other hand, focuses on how the compound is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated. That information supports toxicology work and dose selection, but it’s categorized under pharmacokinetics (often toxicokinetics) rather than as a toxicology endpoint. So pharmacokinetics is not a standard toxicology heading.