Which statement best reflects the requirement regarding coercion or undue influence in trial participation?

• A. Coercion of participants is permissible if it helps complete the study.
• B. Investigators may pressure participants to participate if they believe it benefits the science.
• C. Neither the investigator nor the trial staff should coerce or unduly influence a subject to participate or continue to participate in a trial.
• D. Providing financial incentives constitutes acceptable influence.

Answer: (C)

Voluntary participation must be protected: neither the investigator nor trial staff should coerce or unduly influence someone to join or stay in a trial. In practice, this means presenting information neutrally, avoiding threats, pressure, or manipulation, and honoring a participant’s right to decide freely and to withdraw at any time. Financial incentives, when used, should reimburse or compensate for time and expenses and must not be so large or pervasive that they coerce participation or continuation. This keeps consent truly voluntary and preserves both participant autonomy and the integrity of the study.